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      • 1a: Basic Arithmetic
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      • 2a: Unit Logic
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      • 2d: Bit Logic
      • 2e: Insecure Hashing
      • 2f: Noun Ordering
      • 2g: Unsigned Powers
      • 2h: Set Logic
      • 2i: Map Logic
      • 2j: Jar and Jug Logic
      • 2k: Queue Logic
      • 2l: Container from Container
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      • 2n: Functional Hacks
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      • 4k: Atom Printing
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      • 5a: Compiler Utilities
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                                                Urbit Developers
                                                • Hoon

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                                                  • Basic Types
                                                  • Advanced Types
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                                                  • Standard Library

                                                    • 1a: Basic Arithmetic
                                                    • 1b: Tree Addressing
                                                    • 1c: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                    • 2a: Unit Logic
                                                    • 2b: List Logic
                                                    • 2c: Bit Arithmetic
                                                    • 2d: Bit Logic
                                                    • 2e: Insecure Hashing
                                                    • 2f: Noun Ordering
                                                    • 2g: Unsigned Powers
                                                    • 2h: Set Logic
                                                    • 2i: Map Logic
                                                    • 2j: Jar and Jug Logic
                                                    • 2k: Queue Logic
                                                    • 2l: Container from Container
                                                    • 2m: Container from Noun
                                                    • 2n: Functional Hacks
                                                    • 2o: Normalizing Containers
                                                    • 2p: Serialization
                                                    • 2q: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                    • 3a: Modular and Signed Ints
                                                    • 3b: Floating Point
                                                    • 3c: Urbit Time
                                                    • 3d: SHA Hash Family
                                                    • 3e: AES encryption (Removed)
                                                    • 3f: Scrambling
                                                    • 3g: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                    • 4a: Exotic Bases
                                                    • 4b: Text Processing
                                                    • 4c: Tank Printer
                                                    • 4d: Parsing (Tracing)
                                                    • 4e: Parsing (Combinators)
                                                    • 4f: Parsing (Rule-Builders)
                                                    • 4g: Parsing (Outside Caller)
                                                    • 4h: Parsing (ASCII Glyphs)
                                                    • 4i: Parsing (Useful Idioms)
                                                    • 4j: Parsing (Bases and Base Digits)
                                                    • 4k: Atom Printing
                                                    • 4l: Atom Parsing
                                                    • 4m: Formatting Functions
                                                    • 4n: Virtualization
                                                    • 4o: Molds
                                                    • 5a: Compiler Utilities
                                                    • 5b: Macro Expansion
                                                    • 5c: Compiler Backend & Prettyprinter
                                                    • 5d: Parser
                                                    • 5e: Molds and mold builders
                                                    • 5f: Profiling support
                                                    • Runes

                                                      • Constants (Atoms and Strings)
                                                      • + lus · Arms
                                                      • | bar · Cores
                                                      • $ buc · Structures
                                                      • % cen · Calls
                                                      • : col · Cells
                                                      • . dot · Nock
                                                      • / fas · Imports
                                                      • ^ ket · Casts
                                                      • ; mic · Make
                                                      • ~ sig · Hints
                                                      • = tis · Subject
                                                      • ? wut · Conditionals
                                                      • ! zap · Wild
                                                      • --, == Terminators
                                                      • Limbs and wings

                                                        • Limbs
                                                        • Wings
                                                        • Zuse

                                                          • 2d(1-5): To JSON, Wains
                                                          • 2d(6): From JSON
                                                          • 2d(7): From JSON (unit)
                                                          • 2e(2-3): Print & Parse JSON
                                                          • 2m: Ordered Maps
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                                                                                              Reference/Hoon/Standard Library

                                                                                              2j: Jar and Jug Logic

                                                                                              ++ja

                                                                                              Jar engine

                                                                                              A container arm for jar operation arms. A jar is a map of lists. The contained arms inherit the sample jar.

                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                              a is a jar.

                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                              A core.

                                                                                              Source

                                                                                              ++ ja
                                                                                              =| a=(tree (pair * (list))) :: (jar)
                                                                                              |@

                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                              > ~(. ja (my [a+1 b+2 ~]))
                                                                                              < 2.ngd
                                                                                              [ a
                                                                                              ?(
                                                                                              %~
                                                                                              [ n=[?(p=%a p=%b) [email protected]]
                                                                                              l=nlr([p=?(%a %b) [email protected]])
                                                                                              r=nlr([p=?(%a %b) [email protected]])
                                                                                              ]
                                                                                              )
                                                                                              <123.zao 46.hgz 1.pnw %140>
                                                                                              ]
                                                                                              >

                                                                                              ++get:ja

                                                                                              Grab value by key

                                                                                              Produces the list at key b in jar a.

                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                              a is a jar, and is the sample of +ja.

                                                                                              b is a noun.

                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                              A list.

                                                                                              Source

                                                                                              ++ get
                                                                                              |* b=*
                                                                                              =+ c=(~(get by a) b)
                                                                                              ?~(c ~ u.c)

                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                              > =j `(jar @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' `(list @ud)`~[1 2 3]] ['b' `(list @ud)`~[4 5 6]]])
                                                                                              > j
                                                                                              {[p='b' q=~[4 5 6]] [p='a' q=~[1 2 3]]}
                                                                                              > `(list @ud)`(~(get ja j) 'a')
                                                                                              ~[1 2 3]
                                                                                              > `(list @ud)`(~(get ja j) 'b')
                                                                                              ~[4 5 6]
                                                                                              > `(list @ud)`(~(get ja j) 'c')
                                                                                              ~

                                                                                              ++add:ja

                                                                                              Prepend to list

                                                                                              Adds c to the head of the list at key b in jar a. If b does not exist in a, a new key-value pair is added with a list containing c.

                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                              a is a jar, and is the sample of +ja.

                                                                                              b is a noun of the same type as the keys in a.

                                                                                              c is a noun of the same type the lists in a contain.

                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                              A jar.

                                                                                              Source

                                                                                              ++ add
                                                                                              |* [b=* c=*]
                                                                                              =+ d=(get b)
                                                                                              (~(put by a) b [c d])

                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                              > =j `(jar @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' `(list @ud)`~[1 2 3]] ['b' `(list @ud)`~[4 5 6]]])
                                                                                              > j
                                                                                              {[p='b' q=~[4 5 6]] [p='a' q=~[1 2 3]]}
                                                                                              > `(jar @t @ud)`(~(add ja j) 'b' 7)
                                                                                              {[p='b' q=~[7 4 5 6]] [p='a' q=~[1 2 3]]}
                                                                                              > `(jar @t @ud)`(~(add ja j) 'c' 8)
                                                                                              {[p='b' q=~[4 5 6]] [p='a' q=~[1 2 3]] [p='c' q=~[8]]}

                                                                                              ++ju

                                                                                              Jug operations

                                                                                              Container arm for jug operation arms. A jug is a map of sets. The contained arms inherit its sample jug, a.

                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                              a is a jug.

                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                              A core.

                                                                                              Source

                                                                                              ++ ju
                                                                                              =| a=(tree (pair * (tree))) :: (jug)
                                                                                              |@

                                                                                              Example

                                                                                              > =j `(jug @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' (silt ~[1 2 3])] ['b' (silt ~[4 5 6])]])
                                                                                              > j
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                              > ~(. ju j)
                                                                                              <5.cws [a=nlr([[email protected] q=nlr(@ud)]) <123.zao 46.hgz 1.pnw %140>]>

                                                                                              ++del:ju

                                                                                              Remove

                                                                                              Produces jug a with value c removed from set located at key b.

                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                              a is a jug, and is the sample of +ju.

                                                                                              b is a noun of the same type as the keys in a.

                                                                                              c is a noun of the same type as the sets in a contain.

                                                                                              Source

                                                                                              ++ del
                                                                                              |* [b=* c=*]
                                                                                              ^+ a
                                                                                              =+ d=(get b)
                                                                                              =+ e=(~(del in d) c)
                                                                                              ?~ e
                                                                                              (~(del by a) b)
                                                                                              (~(put by a) b e)

                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                              > j
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(del ju j) 'b' 6)
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(del ju j) 'b' 10)
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(del ju j) 'c' 10)
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}

                                                                                              ++gas:ju

                                                                                              Concatenate

                                                                                              Add each of the key-value pairs in list b to jug a. The values in b are the type the sets in a contain. For keys in b that exist in a, the values will be added to their sets. For keys in b that don't exist in a, new keys and sets will be added.

                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                              a is a jug, and is the sample of +ju.

                                                                                              b is a (list [p q]), where:

                                                                                              • p is a noun, the type of the keys in a.
                                                                                              • q is a noun, the type the sets in a contain.

                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                              A jug.

                                                                                              Source

                                                                                              ++ gas
                                                                                              |* b=(list [p=* q=*])
                                                                                              => .(b `(list _?>(?=([[* ^] ^] a) [p=p q=n.q]:n.a))`b)
                                                                                              |- ^+ a
                                                                                              ?~ b
                                                                                              a
                                                                                              $(b t.b, a (put p.i.b q.i.b))

                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                              > =j `(jug @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' (silt ~[1 2 3])] ['b' (silt ~[4 5 6])]])
                                                                                              > j
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(gas ju j) ~[['a' 10] ['a' 42] ['b' 999] ['c' 7]])
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4 999}] [p='a' q={10 42 1 2 3}] [p='c' q={7}]}

                                                                                              ++get:ju

                                                                                              Retrieve set

                                                                                              Produces a set retrieved from jug a using key b.

                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                              a is a jug, and the sample of +ju.

                                                                                              b is key, a noun of the same type as the keys in a.

                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                              A set.

                                                                                              Source

                                                                                              ++ get
                                                                                              |* b=*
                                                                                              =+ c=(~(get by a) b)
                                                                                              ?~(c ~ u.c)

                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                              > =j `(jug @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' (silt ~[1 2 3])] ['b' (silt ~[4 5 6])]])
                                                                                              > j
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                              > `(set @ud)`(~(get ju j) 'a')
                                                                                              {1 2 3}
                                                                                              > `(set @ud)`(~(get ju j) 'b')
                                                                                              {5 6 4}
                                                                                              > `(set @ud)`(~(get ju j) 'c')
                                                                                              {}

                                                                                              ++has:ju

                                                                                              Check contents

                                                                                              Computes whether a value c exists within the set located at key b with jug a, producing a flag.

                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                              a is a jug, and the sample of +ju.

                                                                                              b is a noun of the same type as the keys in a.

                                                                                              c is a noun of the same type as the sets in a contain.

                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                              A ?.

                                                                                              Source

                                                                                              ++ has
                                                                                              |* [b=* c=*]
                                                                                              ^- ?
                                                                                              (~(has in (get b)) c)

                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                              > =j `(jug @t @ud)`(malt ~[['a' (silt ~[1 2 3])] ['b' (silt ~[4 5 6])]])
                                                                                              > j
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                              > (~(has ju j) 'b' 5)
                                                                                              %.y
                                                                                              > (~(has ju j) 'b' 10)
                                                                                              %.n
                                                                                              > (~(has ju j) 'c' 10)
                                                                                              %.n

                                                                                              ++put:ju

                                                                                              Add key-set pair

                                                                                              Produces jug a with c added to the set located at key b. If b isn't a key in a, it will be added and a new set created containing c.

                                                                                              Accepts

                                                                                              a is a jug.

                                                                                              b is a noun, the type of the keys in a.

                                                                                              c is a noun, the type the sets in a contain.

                                                                                              Produces

                                                                                              A jug.

                                                                                              Source

                                                                                              ++ put
                                                                                              |* [b=* c=*]
                                                                                              ^+ a
                                                                                              =+ d=(get b)
                                                                                              (~(put by a) b (~(put in d) c))

                                                                                              Examples

                                                                                              > j
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}
                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(put ju j) 'c' 5)
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}] [p='c' q={5}]}
                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(put ju j) 'a' 4)
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3 4}]}
                                                                                              > `(jug @t @ud)`(~(put ju j) 'a' 1)
                                                                                              {[p='b' q={5 6 4}] [p='a' q={1 2 3}]}

                                                                                              <-

                                                                                              2i: Map Logic

                                                                                              2k: Queue Logic

                                                                                              ->

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                                                                                              Last modified March 17, 2023