Urbit Developers
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      • 1a: Basic Arithmetic
      • 1b: Tree Addressing
      • 1c: Molds and Mold-Builders
      • 2a: Unit Logic
      • 2b: List Logic
      • 2c: Bit Arithmetic
      • 2d: Bit Logic
      • 2e: Insecure Hashing
      • 2f: Noun Ordering
      • 2g: Unsigned Powers
      • 2h: Set Logic
      • 2i: Map Logic
      • 2j: Jar and Jug Logic
      • 2k: Queue Logic
      • 2l: Container from Container
      • 2m: Container from Noun
      • 2n: Functional Hacks
      • 2o: Normalizing Containers
      • 2p: Serialization
      • 2q: Molds and Mold-Builders
      • 3a: Modular and Signed Ints
      • 3b: Floating Point
      • 3c: Urbit Time
      • 3d: SHA Hash Family
      • 3e: AES encryption (Removed)
      • 3f: Scrambling
      • 3g: Molds and Mold-Builders
      • 4a: Exotic Bases
      • 4b: Text Processing
      • 4c: Tank Printer
      • 4d: Parsing (Tracing)
      • 4e: Parsing (Combinators)
      • 4f: Parsing (Rule-Builders)
      • 4g: Parsing (Outside Caller)
      • 4h: Parsing (ASCII Glyphs)
      • 4i: Parsing (Useful Idioms)
      • 4j: Parsing (Bases and Base Digits)
      • 4k: Atom Printing
      • 4l: Atom Parsing
      • 4m: Formatting Functions
      • 4n: Virtualization
      • 4o: Molds
      • 5a: Compiler Utilities
      • 5b: Macro Expansion
      • 5c: Compiler Backend & Prettyprinter
      • 5d: Parser
      • 5e: Molds and mold builders
      • 5f: Profiling support
      • Runes

        • Atoms and strings
        • Nock . ('dot')
        • Wild ! ('zap')
        • Change Subject = ('tis')
        • Conditionals ? ('wut')
        • Cores | ('bar')
        • Arms + ('lus')
        • Cells : ('col')
        • Calls % ('cen')
        • Casts ^ ('ket')
        • Structures $ ('buc')
        • Make ; ('mic')
        • Hints ~ ('sig')
        • Imports / ('fas')
        • Terminators -- and ==
        • Limbs and wings

          • Limbs
          • Wings
          • Zuse

            • Table of Contents
            • 2d(1-5): To JSON, Wains
            • 2d(6): From JSON
            • 2d(7): From JSON (unit)
            • 2e(2-3): Print & Parse JSON
          • Arvo

            • Overview
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              • Cryptography
              • API Reference
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              • Data Types
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                • Examples
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                      • Guide
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                        • Data Types
                        • Threads Reference
                        • Iris

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                          • Example
                          • Jael

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                                              Urbit Developers
                                              • Hoon

                                                • Overview
                                                • Cheat Sheet
                                                • Irregular forms
                                                • Hoon Errors
                                                • Hoon Style Guide
                                                • Basic Types
                                                • Advanced Types
                                                • Auras
                                                • Standard Library

                                                  • 1a: Basic Arithmetic
                                                  • 1b: Tree Addressing
                                                  • 1c: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                  • 2a: Unit Logic
                                                  • 2b: List Logic
                                                  • 2c: Bit Arithmetic
                                                  • 2d: Bit Logic
                                                  • 2e: Insecure Hashing
                                                  • 2f: Noun Ordering
                                                  • 2g: Unsigned Powers
                                                  • 2h: Set Logic
                                                  • 2i: Map Logic
                                                  • 2j: Jar and Jug Logic
                                                  • 2k: Queue Logic
                                                  • 2l: Container from Container
                                                  • 2m: Container from Noun
                                                  • 2n: Functional Hacks
                                                  • 2o: Normalizing Containers
                                                  • 2p: Serialization
                                                  • 2q: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                  • 3a: Modular and Signed Ints
                                                  • 3b: Floating Point
                                                  • 3c: Urbit Time
                                                  • 3d: SHA Hash Family
                                                  • 3e: AES encryption (Removed)
                                                  • 3f: Scrambling
                                                  • 3g: Molds and Mold-Builders
                                                  • 4a: Exotic Bases
                                                  • 4b: Text Processing
                                                  • 4c: Tank Printer
                                                  • 4d: Parsing (Tracing)
                                                  • 4e: Parsing (Combinators)
                                                  • 4f: Parsing (Rule-Builders)
                                                  • 4g: Parsing (Outside Caller)
                                                  • 4h: Parsing (ASCII Glyphs)
                                                  • 4i: Parsing (Useful Idioms)
                                                  • 4j: Parsing (Bases and Base Digits)
                                                  • 4k: Atom Printing
                                                  • 4l: Atom Parsing
                                                  • 4m: Formatting Functions
                                                  • 4n: Virtualization
                                                  • 4o: Molds
                                                  • 5a: Compiler Utilities
                                                  • 5b: Macro Expansion
                                                  • 5c: Compiler Backend & Prettyprinter
                                                  • 5d: Parser
                                                  • 5e: Molds and mold builders
                                                  • 5f: Profiling support
                                                  • Runes

                                                    • Atoms and strings
                                                    • Nock . ('dot')
                                                    • Wild ! ('zap')
                                                    • Change Subject = ('tis')
                                                    • Conditionals ? ('wut')
                                                    • Cores | ('bar')
                                                    • Arms + ('lus')
                                                    • Cells : ('col')
                                                    • Calls % ('cen')
                                                    • Casts ^ ('ket')
                                                    • Structures $ ('buc')
                                                    • Make ; ('mic')
                                                    • Hints ~ ('sig')
                                                    • Imports / ('fas')
                                                    • Terminators -- and ==
                                                    • Limbs and wings

                                                      • Limbs
                                                      • Wings
                                                      • Zuse

                                                        • Table of Contents
                                                        • 2d(1-5): To JSON, Wains
                                                        • 2d(6): From JSON
                                                        • 2d(7): From JSON (unit)
                                                        • 2e(2-3): Print & Parse JSON
                                                      • Arvo

                                                        • Overview
                                                        • Ames

                                                          • Overview
                                                          • Cryptography
                                                          • API Reference
                                                          • Scry Reference
                                                          • Data Types
                                                          • Behn

                                                            • Overview
                                                            • API Reference
                                                            • Scry Reference
                                                            • Examples
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                                                              • Architecture
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                                                                                          Reference/Hoon/Standard Library

                                                                                          4n: Virtualization

                                                                                          ++mack

                                                                                          Nock subject to unit

                                                                                          Accepts a nock subject-formula cell and wraps it into a unit. fol is pure nock, meaning that nock 11 operations result in a block, producing a ~.

                                                                                          Accepts

                                                                                          sub is a subject noun.

                                                                                          fol is a formula noun, which is generally a nock.

                                                                                          Produces

                                                                                          The unit of a noun.

                                                                                          Source

                                                                                          ++ mack
                                                                                          |= [sub=* fol=*]
                                                                                          ^- (unit)
                                                                                          =/ ton (mink [sub fol] |~(^ ~))
                                                                                          ?.(?=(%0 -.ton) ~ `product.ton)

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > (mack [[1 2 3] [0 1]])
                                                                                          [~ [1 2 3]]
                                                                                          > (mack [41 4 0 1])
                                                                                          [~ 42]
                                                                                          > (mack [4 0 4])
                                                                                          ~
                                                                                          > (mack [[[0 2] [1 3]] 4 4 4 4 0 5])
                                                                                          [~ 6]
                                                                                          > ;;((unit @tas) (mack [[1 %yes %no] 6 [0 2] [0 6] 0 7]))
                                                                                          [~ %no]

                                                                                          ++mink

                                                                                          Mock interpreter

                                                                                          Bottom-level mock (virtual nock) interpreter. Produces a tone, a nock computation result. If nock 12 is invoked, scry computes on the subject and produces a (unit (unit)) result. An empty result becomes a %1 tone, indicating a block.

                                                                                          Accepts

                                                                                          subject is the subject as a noun.

                                                                                          formula is the formula as a noun.

                                                                                          scry is an %iron gate invoked with nock operator 12.

                                                                                          Produces

                                                                                          A tone.

                                                                                          Source

                                                                                          ++ mink !.
                                                                                          ~/ %mink
                                                                                          |= $: [subject=* formula=*]
                                                                                          scry=$-(^ (unit (unit)))
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          =| trace=(list [@ta *])
                                                                                          |^ ^- tone
                                                                                          ?+ formula [%2 trace]
                                                                                          [^ *]
                                                                                          =/ head $(formula -.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.head) head
                                                                                          =/ tail $(formula +.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.tail) tail
                                                                                          [%0 product.head product.tail]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%0 axis=@]
                                                                                          =/ part (frag axis.formula subject)
                                                                                          ?~ part [%2 trace]
                                                                                          [%0 u.part]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%1 constant=*]
                                                                                          [%0 constant.formula]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%2 subject=* formula=*]
                                                                                          =/ subject $(formula subject.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.subject) subject
                                                                                          =/ formula $(formula formula.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.formula) formula
                                                                                          %= $
                                                                                          subject product.subject
                                                                                          formula product.formula
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%3 argument=*]
                                                                                          =/ argument $(formula argument.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.argument) argument
                                                                                          [%0 .?(product.argument)]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%4 argument=*]
                                                                                          =/ argument $(formula argument.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.argument) argument
                                                                                          ?^ product.argument [%2 trace]
                                                                                          [%0 .+(product.argument)]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%5 a=* b=*]
                                                                                          =/ a $(formula a.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.a) a
                                                                                          =/ b $(formula b.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.b) b
                                                                                          [%0 =(product.a product.b)]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%6 test=* yes=* no=*]
                                                                                          =/ result $(formula test.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.result) result
                                                                                          ?+ product.result
                                                                                          [%2 trace]
                                                                                          %& $(formula yes.formula)
                                                                                          %| $(formula no.formula)
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%7 subject=* next=*]
                                                                                          =/ subject $(formula subject.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.subject) subject
                                                                                          %= $
                                                                                          subject product.subject
                                                                                          formula next.formula
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%8 head=* next=*]
                                                                                          =/ head $(formula head.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.head) head
                                                                                          %= $
                                                                                          subject [product.head subject]
                                                                                          formula next.formula
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%9 axis=@ core=*]
                                                                                          =/ core $(formula core.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.core) core
                                                                                          =/ arm (frag axis.formula product.core)
                                                                                          ?~ arm [%2 trace]
                                                                                          %= $
                                                                                          subject product.core
                                                                                          formula u.arm
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%10 [axis=@ value=*] target=*]
                                                                                          ?: =(0 axis.formula) [%2 trace]
                                                                                          =/ target $(formula target.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.target) target
                                                                                          =/ value $(formula value.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.value) value
                                                                                          =/ mutant=(unit *)
                                                                                          (edit axis.formula product.target product.value)
                                                                                          ?~ mutant [%2 trace]
                                                                                          [%0 u.mutant]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%11 tag=@ next=*]
                                                                                          =/ next $(formula next.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.next) next
                                                                                          :- %0
                                                                                          .* subject
                                                                                          [11 tag.formula 1 product.next]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%11 [tag=@ clue=*] next=*]
                                                                                          =/ clue $(formula clue.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.clue) clue
                                                                                          =/ next
                                                                                          =? trace
                                                                                          ?=(?(%hunk %hand %lose %mean %spot) tag.formula)
                                                                                          [[tag.formula product.clue] trace]
                                                                                          $(formula next.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.next) next
                                                                                          :- %0
                                                                                          .* subject
                                                                                          [11 [tag.formula 1 product.clue] 1 product.next]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          [%12 ref=* path=*]
                                                                                          =/ ref $(formula ref.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.ref) ref
                                                                                          =/ path $(formula path.formula)
                                                                                          ?. ?=(%0 -.path) path
                                                                                          =/ result (scry product.ref product.path)
                                                                                          ?~ result
                                                                                          [%1 product.path]
                                                                                          ?~ u.result
                                                                                          [%2 [%hunk product.ref product.path] trace]
                                                                                          [%0 u.u.result]
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          ++ frag
                                                                                          |= [axis=@ noun=*]
                                                                                          ^- (unit)
                                                                                          ?: =(0 axis) ~
                                                                                          |- ^- (unit)
                                                                                          ?: =(1 axis) `noun
                                                                                          ?@ noun ~
                                                                                          =/ pick (cap axis)
                                                                                          %= $
                                                                                          axis (mas axis)
                                                                                          noun ?-(pick %2 -.noun, %3 +.noun)
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          ++ edit
                                                                                          |= [axis=@ target=* value=*]
                                                                                          ^- (unit)
                                                                                          ?: =(1 axis) `value
                                                                                          ?@ target ~
                                                                                          =/ pick (cap axis)
                                                                                          =/ mutant
                                                                                          %= $
                                                                                          axis (mas axis)
                                                                                          target ?-(pick %2 -.target, %3 +.target)
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          ?~ mutant ~
                                                                                          ?- pick
                                                                                          %2 `[u.mutant +.target]
                                                                                          %3 `[-.target u.mutant]
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          --

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > (mink [20 [4 0 1]] ,~)
                                                                                          [%0 product=21]
                                                                                          > (mink [[[4 5] [6 14 15]] [0 7]] ,~)
                                                                                          [%0 product=[14 15]]
                                                                                          > (mink [42 12 [0 1] [1 73]] |=(a=^ ``(add (,[@ @] a))))
                                                                                          [%0 product=115]
                                                                                          > (mink [0 12 [1 0] [1 0]] |=(* ~))
                                                                                          [%1 block=0]
                                                                                          > (mink [42 0 2] ,~)
                                                                                          [%2 trace=~]

                                                                                          ++mock

                                                                                          Compute formula on subject with hint

                                                                                          Produces a toon, which is either a sucessful, blocked, or crashed result. If nock 11 is invoked, gul computes on the subject and produces a (unit (unit)) result. An empty result becomes a %1 tune, indicating a block.

                                                                                          Accepts

                                                                                          sub is the subject as a noun.

                                                                                          fol is the formula as a noun.

                                                                                          gul is an %iron gate invoked with nock operator 11.

                                                                                          Produces

                                                                                          The unit of a noun.

                                                                                          Source

                                                                                          ++ mock
                                                                                          |= [[sub=* fol=*] gul=$-(^ (unit (unit)))]
                                                                                          (mook (mink [sub fol] gul))

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > (mock [5 4 0 1] ,~)
                                                                                          [%0 p=6]
                                                                                          > (mock [0 12 [0 1] [0 1]] |=(* ``999))
                                                                                          [%0 p=999]
                                                                                          > (mock [42 12 [0 1] [0 1]] |=(* ~))
                                                                                          [%1 p=42]
                                                                                          > (mock [42 0 2] ,~)
                                                                                          [%2 p=~]

                                                                                          ++mook

                                                                                          Intelligently render crash annotation

                                                                                          Converts a %2 tone nock stack trace to a list of tank. Each may be a tank, cord, spot, or trapped tank.

                                                                                          Accepts

                                                                                          ton is a tone.

                                                                                          Produces

                                                                                          A toon.

                                                                                          Source

                                                                                          ++ mook
                                                                                          |= ton=tone
                                                                                          ^- toon
                                                                                          ?. ?=([%2 *] ton)
                                                                                          ton
                                                                                          |^ [%2 (turn skip rend)]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          ++ skip
                                                                                          ^+ trace.ton
                                                                                          =/ yel (lent trace.ton)
                                                                                          ?. (gth yel 1.024) trace.ton
                                                                                          %+ weld
                                                                                          (scag 512 trace.ton)
                                                                                          ^+ trace.ton
                                                                                          :_ (slag (sub yel 512) trace.ton)
                                                                                          :- %lose
                                                                                          (crip "[skipped {(scow %ud (sub yel 1.024))} frames]")
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          :: +rend: raw stack frame to tank
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          :: $% [%hunk ref=* path] :: failed scry ([~ ~])
                                                                                          :: [%lose cord] :: skipped frames
                                                                                          :: [%hand *] :: mug any
                                                                                          :: [%mean [email protected](cord (trap tank))] :: ~_ et al
                                                                                          :: [%spot spot] :: source location
                                                                                          :: ==
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          ++ rend
                                                                                          |= [tag=@ta dat=*]
                                                                                          ^- tank
                                                                                          ?+ tag
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          leaf+"mook.{(rip 3 tag)}"
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          %hunk
                                                                                          ?@ dat leaf+"mook.hunk"
                                                                                          =/ sof=(unit path) ((soft path) +.dat)
                                                                                          ?~ sof leaf+"mook.hunk"
                                                                                          (smyt u.sof)
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          %lose
                                                                                          ?^ dat leaf+"mook.lose"
                                                                                          leaf+(rip 3 dat)
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          %hand
                                                                                          leaf+(scow %p (mug dat))
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          %mean
                                                                                          ?@ dat leaf+(rip 3 dat)
                                                                                          =/ mac (mack dat -.dat)
                                                                                          ?~ mac leaf+"####"
                                                                                          =/ sof ((soft tank) u.mac)
                                                                                          ?~ sof leaf+"mook.mean"
                                                                                          u.sof
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          %spot
                                                                                          =/ sof=(unit spot) ((soft spot) dat)
                                                                                          ?~ sof leaf+"mook.spot"
                                                                                          :+ %rose [":" ~ ~]
                                                                                          :~ (smyt p.u.sof)
                                                                                          =* l p.q.u.sof
                                                                                          =* r q.q.u.sof
                                                                                          =/ ud |=(a=@u (scow %ud a))
                                                                                          leaf+"<[{(ud p.l)} {(ud q.l)}].[{(ud p.r)} {(ud q.r)}]>"
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          ==
                                                                                          --

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > (mook [%0 5 4 5 1])
                                                                                          [%0 p=[5 4 5 1]]
                                                                                          > (mook [%2 ~[[%hunk %rose ["<" "," ">"] ~[[%leaf "err"]]]]])
                                                                                          [%2 p=~[[%leaf p="mook.hunk"]]]
                                                                                          > (mook [%2 ~[[%mean |.(>(add 5 6)<)]]])
                                                                                          [%2 p=~[[%leaf p="11"]]]
                                                                                          > (mook [%2 ~[[%spot /b/repl [1 1]^[1 2]] [%mean |.(!!)]]])
                                                                                          [ %2
                                                                                          p
                                                                                          ~[
                                                                                          [ %rose
                                                                                          p=[p=":" q="" r=""]
                                                                                          q
                                                                                          [ i
                                                                                          [ %rose
                                                                                          p=[p="/" q="/" r=""]
                                                                                          q=[i=[%leaf p="b"] t=[i=[%leaf p="repl"] t=~]]
                                                                                          ]
                                                                                          t=[i=[%leaf p="<[1 1].[1 2]>"] t=~]
                                                                                          ]
                                                                                          ]
                                                                                          [%leaf p="####"]
                                                                                          ]
                                                                                          ]

                                                                                          ++mole

                                                                                          Typed unitary virtual

                                                                                          Kicks a trap, producing its result in a unit if successful, or a null unit if it crashed. Unitized version of ++mule.

                                                                                          Accepts

                                                                                          tap is a trap.

                                                                                          Produces

                                                                                          A (unit *), where the * will be the type produced by the expression.

                                                                                          Source

                                                                                          ++ mole
                                                                                          ~/ %mole
                                                                                          |* tap=(trap)
                                                                                          ^- (unit _$:tap)
                                                                                          =/ mur (mure tap)
                                                                                          ?~(mur ~ `$:tap)

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > (mole |.(`@t`(add 50 47)))
                                                                                          [~ 'a']
                                                                                          > (mole |.(~|('Error!' !!)))
                                                                                          ~

                                                                                          ++mong

                                                                                          Slam gate with sample

                                                                                          Produces a toon computation result from slamming gat with sam, using gul to compute or block on nock 11 when applicable.

                                                                                          Accepts

                                                                                          gat is a noun that is generally a gate.

                                                                                          sam is a sample noun.

                                                                                          gul is an %iron gate invoked with nock operator 11.

                                                                                          Produces

                                                                                          A toon.

                                                                                          Source

                                                                                          ++ mong
                                                                                          |= [[gat=* sam=*] gul=$-(^ (unit (unit)))]
                                                                                          ^- toon
                                                                                          ?. ?=([* ^] gat) [%2 ~]
                                                                                          (mock [gat(+< sam) %9 2 %0 1] gul)

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > (mong [|=(@ 20) ~] ,~)
                                                                                          [%0 p=20]
                                                                                          > (mong [|=(@ !!) ~] ,~)
                                                                                          [%2 p=~]
                                                                                          > (mong [|=([email protected] (add 20 a)) ~] ,~)
                                                                                          [%0 p=20]
                                                                                          > (mong [|=(a=[@ @] (add 20 -.a)) ~] ,~)
                                                                                          [%2 p=~]
                                                                                          > (mong [|=(a=[@ @] (add 20 -.a)) [4 6]] ,~)
                                                                                          [%0 p=24]
                                                                                          > (mong [|=([email protected] .^(* a)) 99] |=(^ ``+<))
                                                                                          [%0 p=[[140 1.853.189.998] 99]]
                                                                                          > (mong [|=([email protected] .^(@ a)) 99] |=([* a=*] ``+((,@ a))))
                                                                                          [%0 p=100]

                                                                                          ++mule

                                                                                          Typed virtual

                                                                                          Kicks a trap, producing its results or any errors that occur along the way. Used to lazily compute stack traces.

                                                                                          Accepts

                                                                                          tap is a trap, generally producing a list of tanks.

                                                                                          Produces

                                                                                          An (each * (list tank)) - %.y indicates success and %.n indicates a crash.

                                                                                          Source

                                                                                          ++ mule
                                                                                          ~/ %mule
                                                                                          |* tap=(trap)
                                                                                          =/ mud (mute tap)
                                                                                          ?- -.mud
                                                                                          %& [%& p=$:tap]
                                                                                          %| [%| p=p.mud]
                                                                                          ==

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > (mule |.((add 1 1)))
                                                                                          [%.y p=2]
                                                                                          > (mule |.(~|(%error !!)))
                                                                                          [%.n p=~[[%leaf p="%error"]]]

                                                                                          ++mure

                                                                                          Untyped unitary virtual

                                                                                          Kicks a trap, producing its results in a unit which is null if it crashed. The result is just a noun, no type information is preserved.

                                                                                          Accepts

                                                                                          A trap.

                                                                                          Produces

                                                                                          A (unit *).

                                                                                          Source

                                                                                          ++ mure
                                                                                          |= tap=(trap)
                                                                                          ^- (unit)
                                                                                          =/ ton (mink [tap %9 2 %0 1] |=((pair) ``.*(~ [%12 1+p 1+q])))
                                                                                          ?.(?=(%0 -.ton) ~ `product.ton)

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > (mure |.(~|(%error !!)))
                                                                                          ~
                                                                                          > (mure |.((add 1 1)))
                                                                                          [~ 2]
                                                                                          > (mure |.('foo'))
                                                                                          [~ 7.303.014]
                                                                                          > ((unit @t) (mure |.('foo')))
                                                                                          [~ 'foo']

                                                                                          ++mute

                                                                                          Untyped virtual

                                                                                          Kicks a trap, producing its result as a noun or the tanks of any error that occurs. Similar to ++mule, but preserves no type information.

                                                                                          Accepts

                                                                                          tap is a trap.

                                                                                          Produces

                                                                                          A (each * (list tank)), where %.y indicates success and %.n indicates failure.

                                                                                          Source

                                                                                          ++ mute
                                                                                          |= tap=(trap)
                                                                                          ^- (each * (list tank))
                                                                                          =/ ton (mock [tap %9 2 %0 1] |=((pair) ``.*(~ [%12 1+p 1+q])))
                                                                                          ?- -.ton
                                                                                          %0 [%& p.ton]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          %1 =/ sof=(unit path) ((soft path) p.ton)
                                                                                          [%| ?~(sof leaf+"mute.hunk" (smyt u.sof)) ~]
                                                                                          ::
                                                                                          %2 [%| p.ton]
                                                                                          ==

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > (mute |.(leaf+"hello"))
                                                                                          [%.y p=[1.717.658.988 104 101 108 108 111 0]]
                                                                                          > (mute |.(!!))
                                                                                          [%.n p=~]
                                                                                          > (mute |.(~|(%error !!)))
                                                                                          [%.n p=~[[%leaf p="%error"]]]
                                                                                          > (mute |.((cat 3 'foo' 'bar')))
                                                                                          [%.y p=125.762.588.864.358]

                                                                                          ++slum

                                                                                          Slam a gate on a sample using raw nock, untyped

                                                                                          Slam gat with sam. Uses a raw .* nock expression internally and does not preserve type information for the result. This will crash if evaluation crashes.

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > (slum |=([[email protected] [email protected]] (add a b)) [7 9])
                                                                                          16
                                                                                          > (slum (cury cat 3) ['foo' 'bar'])
                                                                                          125.762.588.864.358
                                                                                          > (@t (slum (cury cat 3) ['foo' 'bar']))
                                                                                          'foobar'
                                                                                          > (slum |=(* !!) 42)
                                                                                          dojo: hoon expression failed

                                                                                          ++soft

                                                                                          Virtual clam

                                                                                          Clam (mold) noun fud with mold han, producing a unit of the result. The unit is null if clamming failed. This is curried, so the soft-clamming gate can be stored and called repeatedly.

                                                                                          Accepts

                                                                                          han is a mold.

                                                                                          fud is a noun.

                                                                                          Produces

                                                                                          A (unit *), where the * will be the type produced by the mold.

                                                                                          Source

                                                                                          ++ soft
                                                                                          |* han=$-(* *)
                                                                                          |=(fud=* (mole |.((han fud))))

                                                                                          Examples

                                                                                          > ((soft @t) 97)
                                                                                          [~ 'a']
                                                                                          > ((soft @t) [1 2])
                                                                                          ~
                                                                                          > ((soft ,[@ux @ux]) ['a' 'b'])
                                                                                          [~ [0x61 0x62]]

                                                                                          <-

                                                                                          4m: Formatting Functions

                                                                                          4o: Molds

                                                                                          ->

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